Unit 1:Matter
- Matter is made of extremely tiny particles called atoms and molecules.
- Atoms and Molecules make up the 3 states of matter. (Solid, Liquid, and Gas)
- Being a solid, liquid, or gas is a property of matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Liquids:
- Particles of a liquid are attracted to one another, are in motion, and are able to
move past each other.
- Heating a liquid increases the speed of the molecules.
- An increase in the speed of the molecules competes with the attraction between
molecules and causes molecules to move a little farther apart.
- Cooling a liquid decreases the speed of the molecules.
- A decrease in the speed of the molecules allows the attraction between
molecules to bring them a little closer together.
Solids:
- In a solid, the atoms are very attracted to one another. The atoms vibrate but
stay in fixed positions because of their strong attractions for one another.
- Heating a solid increases the motion of the atoms.
- An increase in the motion causes them to move a little farther apart.
- Cooling a solid decreases the motion of the atoms.
- A decrease in the motion of the atoms allow the attraction between atoms to
bring them a little closer together.
Gases:
- In a gas, the molecules have very weak attractions to one another. Molecules
are able to move freely past each other with little interaction between them.
- The molecules of a gas are much more spread out and move independently
compared to the molecules of liquids and solids.
- Heating a gas increased the motion of the atoms and they move farther apart.
- Cooling a gas decreases the motion of the atoms and brings them closer
together.
Unit 2:
- Water molecules are made of one oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. Water
molecules never separate during the water cycle steps.
- The oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the hydrogen molecule of
another atom.
-The 4 Spheres that water travel through:
Atmosphere - When water is in the air. (water vapor, clouds, precipitation.
Hydrosphere - When water is in a body of water. (Lakes, rivers, ponds, oceans.
Lithosphere- When water is in the ground. (soil, groundwater, glaciers)
Biosphere- When water is in living things. (Animals and plants)
- Processes that move water between spheres:(The sun powers the water cycle)
Evaporation- water molecules heat up and break free from their attractions
to other molecules. They have become water vapor. The water
molecule "does not" separate into hydrogen and oxygen.
Transpiration - Water evaporates through the leaves of plants.
Condensation- Water molecules attach to a cooler object (window, dust particle)
transfer their energy to it. Therefore, they become stuck and
begin to accumulate. (This forms clouds in the upper atmosphere)
Precipitation - When enough water molecules accumulate they will return to the
Earth as rain, snow, sleet or hail.
Runoff - Precipitation that hits the ground and runs along the surface to nearby
lakes and streams.
Infiltration - When water on the surface seeps into the ground and flows through
the ground to the nearest body of water.
- Atoms and Molecules make up the 3 states of matter. (Solid, Liquid, and Gas)
- Being a solid, liquid, or gas is a property of matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Liquids:
- Particles of a liquid are attracted to one another, are in motion, and are able to
move past each other.
- Heating a liquid increases the speed of the molecules.
- An increase in the speed of the molecules competes with the attraction between
molecules and causes molecules to move a little farther apart.
- Cooling a liquid decreases the speed of the molecules.
- A decrease in the speed of the molecules allows the attraction between
molecules to bring them a little closer together.
Solids:
- In a solid, the atoms are very attracted to one another. The atoms vibrate but
stay in fixed positions because of their strong attractions for one another.
- Heating a solid increases the motion of the atoms.
- An increase in the motion causes them to move a little farther apart.
- Cooling a solid decreases the motion of the atoms.
- A decrease in the motion of the atoms allow the attraction between atoms to
bring them a little closer together.
Gases:
- In a gas, the molecules have very weak attractions to one another. Molecules
are able to move freely past each other with little interaction between them.
- The molecules of a gas are much more spread out and move independently
compared to the molecules of liquids and solids.
- Heating a gas increased the motion of the atoms and they move farther apart.
- Cooling a gas decreases the motion of the atoms and brings them closer
together.
Unit 2:
- Water molecules are made of one oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. Water
molecules never separate during the water cycle steps.
- The oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the hydrogen molecule of
another atom.
-The 4 Spheres that water travel through:
Atmosphere - When water is in the air. (water vapor, clouds, precipitation.
Hydrosphere - When water is in a body of water. (Lakes, rivers, ponds, oceans.
Lithosphere- When water is in the ground. (soil, groundwater, glaciers)
Biosphere- When water is in living things. (Animals and plants)
- Processes that move water between spheres:(The sun powers the water cycle)
Evaporation- water molecules heat up and break free from their attractions
to other molecules. They have become water vapor. The water
molecule "does not" separate into hydrogen and oxygen.
Transpiration - Water evaporates through the leaves of plants.
Condensation- Water molecules attach to a cooler object (window, dust particle)
transfer their energy to it. Therefore, they become stuck and
begin to accumulate. (This forms clouds in the upper atmosphere)
Precipitation - When enough water molecules accumulate they will return to the
Earth as rain, snow, sleet or hail.
Runoff - Precipitation that hits the ground and runs along the surface to nearby
lakes and streams.
Infiltration - When water on the surface seeps into the ground and flows through
the ground to the nearest body of water.
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