atoms_and_periodic_table_flash_cards.docx | |
File Size: | 33 kb |
File Type: | docx |
ecm_study_sheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 18 kb |
File Type: |
I. Atoms Introduction
- Atoms are made of extremely tiny particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, making up the nucleus.
- Electrons surround the nucleus.
- Protons have a positive charge.
- Electrons have a negative charge.
- The charge on the proton and electrons are exactly the same size but opposite.
- Neutrons have no charge.
- Since opposite charges attract, protons and electrons attract each other.
- Atomic Number = The number of protons.
- Atomic Mass = The number of protons and neutrons added together.
- Energy Levels (Orbitals) - The number of electrons determines the levels. 2 in energy level 1 then 8, 8.
II. Periodic Table Notes
A. Periodic Table
- A collection of elements based on their atomic number (# of protons) and
placed specifically on a chart based on individual properties and how they react.
B. Element – A substance made up of only one type of atom.
C. The periodic table Square: (Image will not show)
- Top number = Atomic Number
- Name of element
- symbol (Carbon = C)
- Bottom Number = atomic mass
D. Metals and Non-Metals:
- Most elements are metals. They are usually shiny, very dense, and only melt at high temperatures. Their shape can be easily changed into thin wires or sheets without breaking.
- Nonmetals, on the right side of the periodic table, are very different from metals. Their surface is dull and they don’t conduct heat and electricity.
-Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals are called metalloids. They can be shiny or dull and their shape is easily changed.
III. First 20 Elements of the Periodic Table
Period 3 (3 orbitals)
Period 4 (4 orbitals)
Period 2 (2 orbitals)
Period 1 (1 orbital)
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valence Electrons VE VE VE VE VE VE VE VE
A. Periods:
- Rows on the periodic table are based on the number of electron orbitals.
- The more electrons the more orbitals needed.
B. Groups:
- Periods are the columns that go up and down. They are based on the number of
valence electrons in the outer orbital.
- Valence Electrons- The electrons in the outermost orbital.
A. Periodic Table
- A collection of elements based on their atomic number (# of protons) and
placed specifically on a chart based on individual properties and how they react.
B. Element – A substance made up of only one type of atom.
C. The periodic table Square: (Image will not show)
- Top number = Atomic Number
- Name of element
- symbol (Carbon = C)
- Bottom Number = atomic mass
D. Metals and Non-Metals:
- Most elements are metals. They are usually shiny, very dense, and only melt at high temperatures. Their shape can be easily changed into thin wires or sheets without breaking.
- Nonmetals, on the right side of the periodic table, are very different from metals. Their surface is dull and they don’t conduct heat and electricity.
-Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals are called metalloids. They can be shiny or dull and their shape is easily changed.
III. First 20 Elements of the Periodic Table
Period 3 (3 orbitals)
Period 4 (4 orbitals)
Period 2 (2 orbitals)
Period 1 (1 orbital)
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valence Electrons VE VE VE VE VE VE VE VE
A. Periods:
- Rows on the periodic table are based on the number of electron orbitals.
- The more electrons the more orbitals needed.
B. Groups:
- Periods are the columns that go up and down. They are based on the number of
valence electrons in the outer orbital.
- Valence Electrons- The electrons in the outermost orbital.
VII. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures:
A. Pure substances:
- A sample of matter that has definite chemical & physical properties.
- chemical properties – always made up of the same atoms and reacts the same
way with other chemicals.
- physical properties – feels, looks, and behaves the same way always.
B. Elements
- pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by
physical means.
C. Compounds
- pure substances composed of two or more pure substances joined by
chemical bonds.
- Made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same.
- Has a chemical formula (h2O, CO2, NaCL)
- Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically.
What does that mean in your words?
D. Mixtures:
- A combination of 2 or more pure substances that are not chemically
combined.
- substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
- No chemical reaction takes place.
- Each item retains its properties in a mixture.
- They can be separated physically.
A. Pure substances:
- A sample of matter that has definite chemical & physical properties.
- chemical properties – always made up of the same atoms and reacts the same
way with other chemicals.
- physical properties – feels, looks, and behaves the same way always.
B. Elements
- pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by
physical means.
C. Compounds
- pure substances composed of two or more pure substances joined by
chemical bonds.
- Made of elements in a specific ratio that is always the same.
- Has a chemical formula (h2O, CO2, NaCL)
- Can only be separated by chemical means, not physically.
What does that mean in your words?
D. Mixtures:
- A combination of 2 or more pure substances that are not chemically
combined.
- substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
- No chemical reaction takes place.
- Each item retains its properties in a mixture.
- They can be separated physically.